Israeli-Hezbollah Conflicts: The Insensibilities of War Essay

The world has witnessed again the hostilities of war this year. The terrorist group Hezbollah initiated the spate of violence in the Middle East by sending raiders into Israel from Lebanon. This attack killed eight Israeli soldiers and two others kidnapped, while they launched missiles into northern Israel. Not taking this action sitting down, Israel retaliated by bombing Beirut’s airports, roads and Hezbollah hangouts, killing innocent civilians in the process. It was in June this year that the Hezbollah gained 80 percent of the votes in the Lebanese parliamentary elections in southern Lebanon. This will mean that the group will cover 35 seats in the 128-member national assembly. Despite their popularity in Lebanon, Hezbollah had been involved in the 1982 Israeli invasion and the subsequent U. S. military intervention, engaging in a series of kidnappings and assassinations of Americans as well as the deadly truck bombings of the U. S. embassy and a Marine barracks (Zunes 21). As an organization, Hezbollah essentially means â€Å"Party of God†. Their history emanated to help the Islamic Revolutionary Guards fight active opponents who demonstrated in the streets. The name was used as early as 1973 by Ayatollah Mahmood Ghaffary in Iran. It was resurrected in 1978 in one of the revolution’s slogans: â€Å"Our Party Is the Party of Allah and Our Leader Is Ruh Allah. † The so-called party consisted of a thousand young thugs who infested Tehran’s poor neighborhoods. For a modest monthly allowance, they waged street battles against members of more sophisticated political groups. In contrast to its beginning, the â€Å"party† today boasts a membership of more than one million adherents in Iran alone. Its offshoots in Muslim countries, Europe, and America act as operatives and as a vanguard for the Islamic Republic of Iran. In Lebanon, the party also has a powerful military wing that has bombed Israel and given assistance to militant groups like Hamas in the Gaza Strip (Hoveyda 94). Acclaimed for their notoriety, Zune indicated that: For more than a decade, however, the Hezbollah militia had restricted its armed activities to fighting Israeli occupation forces, initially in southern Lebanon and then — following Israel’s withdrawal in 2000—in a disputed border region with Syria still under Israeli control. Attacks against foreign occupation forces have traditionally been recognized as legitimate acts of self-defense and not as acts of terrorism, a term usually restricted to deliberate attacks against civilian targets (21). Hezbollah’s leader Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah declared war on Israel because had no option. They could disarm and participate more fully in Lebanon’s government, but that would have meant giving up â€Å"the resistance,† the ideology so central to Hezbollah that it functions as a national founding myth. Their resistance is, first and foremost, an ongoing guerrilla war against Israel, which occupied southern Lebanon until its withdrawal in 2000. Hezbollah had weapons to defend their land—rockets, Iranian-made missiles, and drones. It is the source of fierce pride for Hezbollah, the only Arab force to succeed in ousting Israel from its land. But, before anything else, the resistance was a political movement, born decades ago, of empowerment for Lebanon’s eternally despised Shia. In Hezbollah’s collective mind, the Shia have finally emerged on top after being put down for so long, and now they want to prove that they can do what no other Arab country has done: defeat Israel. â€Å"You do not know today who you are fighting,† declared Nasrallah on July 14. â€Å"You are fighting a people who possess strength of faith that no one else has on the face of this Earth† (Ciedlo 14). Due to their own misgiving, Israel is now dealing with crises on two fronts. First, it was carrying out an operation in the Gaza Strip to rescue Corporal Galid Shalit, who had been captured by Palestinian militants. This triggered an ongoing conflict between Israeli forces and Palestinian militants taking place in Gaza. After that, a second operation into Lebanon was launched to rescue Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev — the two soldiers captured by Lebanon-based Hezbollah. Nevertheless, despite the overwhelming task of fighting on two fronts, Prime Minister Olmert ruled out any negotiations with Hezbollah, just as it had foreclosed the discussions with Hamas. Additionally, his government filed a complaint with the United Nations, calling on the Security Council to enforce an existing resolution that required the Lebanese government to disarm militias (Coleman, 29 July 2006). In fairness to the Lebanese government, it denied that they had no previous knowledge of Hezbollah’s activities and would not take responsibility for the abduction of the two Israeli soldiers. To this end, Lebanese Prime Minister Fuad Siniora said, â€Å"The government was not aware of and does not take responsibility for, nor endorses what happened on the international border† (Al Jazeera, 7 July 2006). Experts on the ground in Lebanon also pointed to the fact that despite the existence of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559, the country simply was not in the position — politically or militarily — to disarm Hezbollah on its own. With the ongoing scuffles, Lebanese government represented by Social Affairs Minister, Naila Mouawad, called for the two Israeli soldiers to be returned home. She also reiterated Lebanon’s previously-noted position that her government was neither aware of Hezbollah’s plan, nor supported it. With that statement, Mouawad criticized Israel’s response for being too heavy-handed, particularly with regard to the lives of Lebanese civilians. She warned that Lebanon was experiencing a catastrophe and explained that her government could not disarm Hezbollah by force (Coleman, 29 July 2006). Naturally, the reaction around the globe was intense woes that these conflicts might sprout in something bigger, many countries already had requested for restraint from all parties involved. United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan condemned both the abduction of the Israeli soldiers as well as the resulting offensive by Israeli forces into Lebanon. Russian, France and the European Union expressed the view that Israel’s response to the capture of two soldiers was disproportionate. But Israeli spokesman, Mark Regev, said that Israel was simply responding to an â€Å"unprovoked act of aggression. † Margaret Beckett, the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom, voiced out that Israel should ensure its own security, it should do so in a way that avoided civilian deaths. The Vatican later added its condemnation of the situation – calling for the release of the soldiers by Hezbollah and decrying Israel’s strikes against the sovereignty of Lebanon. On the U. S. government’s part, President George W. Bush characterized Hezbollah as terrorists and supported Israel’s right to defend itself. However, he also warned that whatever action Israel took, it should be mindful of the stability of the Lebanese government. With all these bombings here and there, the head of the emergency relief agency for the United Nations, Jan Egeland, characterized the damage caused by Israeli strikes on Beirut as â€Å"horrific. † He lambasted the demolition job caused by Israel’s retaliatory action against Hezbollah, calling it excessive. He also condemned Hezbollah for â€Å"cloaking itself among the civilian population†, which is causing the rise in civilian casualties. With damages continuing to heighten, Egeland called on both sides to cease their attacks and noted that humanitarian aid would begin arriving shortly in Lebanon. In that latter regard, he appealed for safe access of all civilian evacuees caught between the warring parties. He also said that the United Nations would be launching an appeal for humanitarian aid amounting to $150 million dollars (USD). Egeland arrived in Beirut on the heels of an Israeli strike against the Hezbollah-dominated portion of Lebanon’s capital city. In Beirut, there were four injuries when one strike hit a mosque. While Hezbollah said the facility was used only for prayer, Israel contended that it was one of several legitimate targets used not only for conventional purposes, but also by Hezbollah for its activities (Coleman, 29 July 2006). Israel’s aerial bombing of southern and eastern Lebanon continued. The Israeli strikes had already caused Lebanese engineers, who had been attempting to repair impassable roads, to retreat for safety reasons. The southern town of Sidon several people seeking safety were hit by Israeli strikes. Not spared, the historic city of Tyre was the site of action from both sides. It was one of several places from which some Hezbollah militants were firing missiles and, as such, Israel made it a target of retaliatory strikes. There were eight deaths reported across Lebanon. They included a young boy, a photographer, three people fleeing in a minibus, as well as three Hezbollah fighters. On the other side of the border, two Israelis died in Haifa and over twenty people were injured as a result of repeated Hezbollah rocket attacks. United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice arrived in July 24, 2006 for talks regarding the crisis in between Lebanon and Israel. Before arriving in the Middle East, Rice mentioned to reporters that the United States still had an embassy in Syria. Her statement was interpreted by some as a reminder that the United States and Syria still shared diplomatic relations that could be leveraged, if necessary. Her first stop was Lebanon where she met with Prime Minister Fuad Siniora. In that meeting, she expressed concern for the Lebanese people, while also making clear that Hezbollah’s attacks on Israel from within Lebanese territory could not be permitted to continue. In the backdrop of these developments, the White House announced that it had authorized humanitarian aid to be sent to Lebanon. Secretary Rice, and later President Bush, both conveyed the view that the only possible solution to the conflict was a sustainable ceasefire and enduring peace. The United States’ stance has been that a ceasefire might result in only Israeli compliance, thus subjecting Israel to future attacks. Clearly, this view has not been shared by many world leaders and foreign policy chiefs who have called for an immediate ceasefire, arguing that continued hostilities were untenable, regardless of optimal long-term objectives. Many Middle Eastern experts have further said that no long-term objectives can be achieved, at all, without addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (Coleman, 29 July 2006). In an article in the New Republic, Lawrence Kaplan declared that Bush has spent many more hours encouraging Israel than constraining it. This could be analyzed as the US government seems has no more use for Hezbollah than Israel does. â€Å"And, while the organization may not pose the existential threat to the United States that it does to Israel, the administration views it as a crucial proxy for Iran. Critics delight in faulting the Bush administration for viewing the international scene through a ‘state-centric’ lens. But, when it comes to Hezbollah—which boasts verifiable return addresses in Tehran and Damascus—what other lens is there? † In my opinion, the Israeli government is doing more harm than good. Rescuing two soldiers, while endangering hundreds of lives is really irrational. They should have sought the U. N.’s help rather than waging a war that intruded the normal living conditions of innocent Lebanese civilians. War should be the last option rather than an initial response. Now, Israel is seemingly suffering the brunt of all of its actions because of the retaliatory attempts that the Hezbollah troops are waging in Israel’s areas. The U. N. , on the other hand, as well as countries like the U. S. , should have taken proactive measures to put a stop in these conflicts. As stated above, long-term solutions should be delineated from their mediation to avoid the further destruction of both countries. As we all know, there is no long term solution that could be resolved through bombs and guns. We cannot, of course, repeat history by neglecting these conflicts that are costing the lives of many people. Countries cannot repeat the errors in history, where wars had lost not only lives, but properties and the freedom of people. War could not fully reconstruct people’s experiences. We certainly cannot feel other people’s sufferings, although we can empathize with them because we have general knowledge, and many unfortunately have some experience of suffering. The suffering of the victims, especially the innocent ones, is enough reason why Israel and Hezbollah should hold a ceasefire and negotiate about their scuffles. If they cannot understand the destruction they are causing, people around the globe should knock some sense out of these leaders who cannot feel the suffering of the victims. Works Cited Al Jazeera Website. â€Å"Hezbollah Captures Israeli Soldiers,† (July 12, 2006). Acquired 30 July 2006 at http://www. aljazeera. com/me. asp? service_ID=11629 Ciedlo, Anna. â€Å"Entombed† (cover story). New Republic, 235. 5 (July 31, 2006): 13-15. Coleman, Denise Youngblood. â€Å"Israel and Lebanon-based Hezbollah Mired in Violent Conflict,† CountryWatch Forecast, (July 29, 2006). Acquired 30 July 2006 at http://forecast. countrywatch. com/fc_moreon. aspx Hoveyda, Fereydoun. The Broken Crescent: The â€Å"Threat† of Militant Islamic Fundamentalism. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998. Kaplan, Lawrence F. â€Å"Other Means,† New Republic, 235. 5 (July 31, 2006): 12-13, Zunes, Stephen. â€Å"U. S. Rhetoric about Hezbollah Blurs Reality. † National Catholic Reporter, 41. 33 (July 1, 2005): 21-21.

Facility Planning Part Essay

Textbooks can take a huge toll on your wallet. Fortunately, you now have many options to save money. For example, you can rent textbooks online. Another option is to purchase online-only access to required textbooks. While you won’t have a physical book to take notes or highlight in, you will save money in doing so. Write a 1,050- to 1,450-word paper that includes the following elements: Regulatory requirements and their effect on the design and equipment Color selection implications and noise issues List of the type of equipment needed Electronic items needed Examination of budget planning and cost estimates Description of the role of stakeholders in facility planning and development Gantt chart that details an implementation plan. Textbooks can take a huge toll on your wallet. Fortunately, you now have many options to save money. For example, you can rent textbooks online. Another option is to purchase online-only access to required textbooks. W†¦ Textbooks can take a huge toll on your wallet. Fortunately, you now have many options to save money. For example, you can rent textbooks online. Another option is to purchase online-only access to required textbooks. While you won’t have a physical book to take notes or highlight in, you will save money in doing so. General Questions – General General Questions Resource: Facility Planning – Part II located on the student Website Write a 1,050- to 1,450-word paper that includes the following elements: Regulatory requirements and their effect on the design and equipment Color selection implications and noise issues List of the type of equipment needed Electronic items needed Examination of budget planning and cost estimates Description of the role of stakeholders in facility planning and development Gantt chart that details an implementation plan.

Personal statement of admission in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal statement of admission in USA - Essay Example Since this period, my desire and fascination in computers and programming grew rapidly. When I joined secondary school, I learned various programming languages including C++ and HTML. This enabled me to conduct a presentation concerning these languages during the career day in the school. My fellow students were extremely amazed, based on my understanding of the languages. After this session, I was utterly motivated to select computer science as a personal career. I was satisfied by the decision because I usually enjoy acquiring new skills and information. In most cases, I use the acquired skills to enable my adaptation in the fast-changing world. This has also enhanced my interest in the innovation sector. According to my personal thinking, computer science would give me an incentive to improve personally and gain information. When I joined the University in Saudi Arabia, I was familiar with most of the freshman courses in the discipline of computer science and information technolog y. The facile nature of computers has even made it possible for me to gain more information in the study of computer science and information technology. Moreover, the versatility of computers has also solidified my interest in the discipline of computer science and information technology, hence; exposing me to the enormous potential of computers. The study of computers has also widened my background in certain concepts. This has left me enchanted and rapt in regard to the developing field. In addition, I have also gained practical knowledge in the discipline of computer science and information technology. I have managed to achieve this through the project works and internships. I completed my bachelor degree and majored in Computer Science and Information technology in Saudi Arabia. After this, I started studying English as a second language in a full time program (Extensive program) in USA at FLS International at Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania since April 2011 until December 2011. Later on, I transferred to complete my English program at the University of Pennsylvania Institute since January 2012 till now. In most of the courses that I have studied in the bachelor program, I have gotten high scores, which have been helpful in my studies. Some of these courses include distributed systems and parallel processing, design and analysis of algorithms, computers architecture, operating systems, advanced databases, and software engineering. I have also scored highly in some of the courses related to mathematics including linear algebra, principles of statistics and probabilities, and differential and integral calculus. The experience I gained from this study was of extreme value to me. I integrated the knowledge gained with the serviceability and functionality of a variety of worldly applications. Through this, I took hold of the application of computer technologies in various sections of life. I have also tried to follow some of the technological innovations and design through gaining facts from different sources. Some of these information resources include attending technological conferences and seminars and reading books related to technological advancement. Also, in order to acquire knowledge on this widespread technology, I familiarized myself on them through a variety of certification courses.

CBRE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CBRE - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  since the company is planning to engage in global financial activities, there is a possibility of it facing additional opportunities and risks. The major risks that the company is likely to face are political risk and foreign exchange risk. Due to these risks the company is likely not to maintain its reliable and constant revenues.From this paper it is clear that   the company is also likely to face risk due to the current emerging market banks. This will be risk associated with potential loss, which may arise from the negative effects due to change of interest rates, equity price volatility, and currency exchange inherent from trading portfolio of banks. Since the CBRE Company has many opportunities because it has highly invested and has technological development, the company has potential and future developments. Due to the increasing rate of population and increased residential income, the company is planning to develop more real estates. In addit ion, a large number of people are migrating to urban centers in search of jobs and this gives the company a guarantee that they will still have increased number of customers. The company is also planning to improve its technological standards and dominate the entire town in order to attract a large customer population (Nel, et al 6). It will achieve this goal by reducing the price of its properties and set a price that is slightly lower than their competitors for competitive advantage.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 40

Management - Essay Example Since the organizational environment is a complex comprised of different activities and with the involvement of numerous sides in it, management theories help to make sense in that complexity. Management theories enable organization to realize its activities in order to determine what is relevant for the business, for instance, viable product and compliant workforce. Management theories have changed due to different historical and social times and places still addressing issues of relationships of particular times. Thus, at the turn of 20th century, organizations were large and mostly industrialized whose activities were ongoing with routine tasks that were concentrated with the manufacturing of different products. Thus, in the U.S. there were highly prized scientific and technical organizations that included careful measurement and specification of their activities and outcomes. Management was mostly the same, espousing careful specification and measurement of all organizational tasks. Tasks were standardized and employees either rewarded or punished. This approach was developed by Frederick Taylor and known as scientific management theory and appeared to work well for organizations with mechanistic and routine activities. The scientific management theory was changed with the openings of Max Weber, who developed his bureaucratic theory focusing on dividing organizations into hierarchies and establishing strong lines of authority and control within them. Weber proposed that organizations shoul d develop comprehensive and detailed standard of their operating procedures for all the routine tasks (McNamara, n.d.). Organizations run their activities using bureaucratic management principles across the world, managing their activities in formal processes and hierarchies that enable them to achieve stable structures and consistent results. However, bureaucratic principles are slow to

Consumer Privacy (Marketing Planning and Strategy) 2 Assignment

Consumer Privacy (Marketing Planning and Strategy) 2 - Assignment Example On the other hand, in the off-line sphere, the client has a chance to know the firm, personnel, or company that is on the receiving end as well as accepting or declining the idea to share their personal data. One can still argue that transmission of personal data in the offline world also travels by electronic means in numerous cases. For instance, the act of making a transaction with a credit card similarly involves data transmission electronically sometimes in the transaction. The difference is that the client is initially meddling with a firm or an individual. Although this does not alleviate the risks experienced by the consumer, it presents some real knowledge of the firm, or persons involved in the given transaction (Spiekermann, Grossklags & Berendt, 2001). From the above discussion, it is more rational to state that online world creates more privacy issues than offline. This is due to safety issues, since privacy information in a given database that was hacked or infiltrated might be utilized for criminal activities, a factor not possible in offline world (Ribbink et al, 2004). Spiekermann, S., Grossklags, J., & Berendt, B. (2001). E-privacy in 2nd generation E- commerce: privacy preferences versus actual behavior. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Electronic Commerce (pp. 38-47).

Financial Analysis of Bluescope Steel Ltd and Onesteel Ltd Australia Research Paper

Financial Analysis of Bluescope Steel Ltd and Onesteel Ltd Australia - Research Paper Example Today, millions of shares are traded every day on the world's stock markets. (Penman, 2003). Most often, investors see valuation as the first step toward intelligent investing. It has been argued (e.g. Penman 2003) that an investor can make informed decisions about where to invest once the value of shares are determine based upon the fundamentals. This is so because, without this value investors can either buy high or sell low Investors who trade on these stocks are often forced to ask themselves whether they are buying or selling at the right price. (Penman, 2003). In the face of this situation and their quest for an alternate answer, investors turn to various media including internet chat rooms, printed press, and "talking heads" on television and financial networks, who often voice opinions on what they feel the stock prices should be. (Penman, 2003). In addition, investors consult investment analysts who provide an almost endless stream of information and recommendations to sort out. There are often claims that some shares are undervalued and vice versa. (Penman, 2003). Faced with too much information, Investors at times get confused with no clear indication of what the true prices of stocks should be. (Penman, 2003). Under such circumstances, the investor either make decision based on his or her instinct, such investors according to Penman (2003) are intuitive investors while others who make their decision based on capital market efficiency are referred to as passive investors. Penman, (2003) further argues that in making their decision, passive investors assumed that the market price is a fair price of the shares quoted. These investment mechanisms appear to be very simple, as they do not require much effort. (Penman, 2003: pp 3). How ever that is not the case as neither passive nor intuitive investor turn to be better off in the face of their decision. This is so because these sets of investors can either pay to high or sell too low. Having said that, in the sections that follow, I will discuss analysis and valuation of Bluescope Steel Limited and One steel Limited in Australia including their products, employees, management, and corporate governance. I have also highlighted in a passing the methodology used in valuating the company. In the last section, I will make a conclusion and recommendation to prospective investors. 1.1BlueScope Steel Limited According to the Company 2008 report, BlueScope Steel

HISTORY Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HISTORY - Article Example This theory emphasis on mass communication as an agent to change. This theory is another example of planned change. Planned change has high probability of relapse and regression. Emergent change is sudden and not anticipated. The societies as well as individuals are always prone to change. Change basically refers to making or becoming different in some particular way without losing permanently the original characteristics. It may also mean, to become different in essence. Change can either be sudden or might be planned such that it is bound to happen, at one time or another. Change can either be individual, intergroup or social. In individuals change is further categorized into emotional, behavioral and cognitive. In inter-personal or relationships, change involves; contact hypothesis, de categorization and re-categorization and also acknowledgement, mourning and forgiveness. (Zaltman, 1977, p. 45). Basically, change can be emergent or planned; this whole issue depends on the type of change that we are talking about. If for instance we are talking about individual change management, Kurt Lewin in his model of change states that, there are 3 stages in this process. The first stage is called 'unfreezing'. (Harris 2004, p56.). According to Kurt, this stage involves overcoming inertia and dismantling the existing mindset of the individual. At this stage the natural defense mechanisms have to be by passed. Change occurs in the second stage. ... The final stage according to Kurt is known as the "Re-freezing" stage. The new mind step is beginning to get into place and one's comfort level is returning to the earlier levels. (Macredie 1998, p.53). An example in this model would be a drug addict who is determined to quit drugs. During the initial stages or otherwise known as the unfreezing period, the person is trying hard to stop the abuse. He/she has to contend with withdrawal symptoms and some are even likely to go back to drugs. They enter the second stage. The second stage is characterized by confusion. One doesn't know what they want. They are out of drugs but still looking for alternative replacements. The 'unfreezing' stage marks the complete metamorphosis form drugs to a drug free person. One is also comfortable with his/her new life style. (Bennis 1976, p.38). According to this theory, we can therefore see that change was planned because it has to undergo all those stages. According to Kubler-Ross's model change can also be emergent. The stages in this model describe the personal and emotional states that a person encounters when dealing with loss of a loved one. This type of change happens without prior arrangements or plan. Indeed, in some cases, people have gone mad after learning that their dear ones have died. The impact of that news is so strong that someone who was jolly and completely happy may even faint after hearing bad news. (Zaltman, 1977, p.63). Other people's lives never remain to be the same after such an ordeal. A young man, who was always happy and kind to almost anyone, developed emotional problems as well as temperament problems after he had an accident and realized that he was never going to walk again because he had been paralyzed. The derivatives of Ross's model can

Business Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Business Ethics - Case Study Example Pollution problems in Ohio valley are rooted in the year 1950 with the emerging of the Union Carbide which led to the building of several industries in the mountainous regions around the Ohio valley. Pollution problems started in 1951 (Hartley 1993. p. 31). Soot bad odour and ash were being emitted to the atmosphere causing massive of pollution. The neighboring population around the industrial area experienced the most suffering since most settlement were built on the valley. People were infected with respiratory disease among other dangerous illnesses. The Union carbine frustrated the people plead for the pollution content to be reduced. The National Air Pollution Control Administration tried to intervene in the situation by requesting the area to be inspected but the result of this was an ignorant response from the government. This portrays the level of corruption and unethical business environment in Ohio. Companies only focused on the profits and their business outcomes while neg lected the human environment in which the business directly affects. Business ethics advocate for healthy business environments which involves the relationship between the human and business environment. A healthy business environment is supposed to consider the economic, social and political environment. These are the entities that determine the prosperity of a business be it in the private or public sector. A good business is determined by the level of positive co-relation between these entity factors. Union carbine displays negative business ethics since it does not consider the help of the people living in the surrounding environment. In 1971, environmental reforms were structured which included the implementation of a number of pollution management measures. Union Carbide shut down one boiler and some workers lost their jobs as a result. This was considered as a form of retaliation to due to the new environmental reforms. This is unethical as it shows lack of consideration by t he company. Lockheed Corporation: Overseas Bribery Gone Rampant Corruption is one of the major attributes of unethical business. Corruption takes course in form of bribery of illegal tender allocation. Robert F. Hartley gives an overview of corruption cases and how they affect business ethics. Lockheed Corporation had tried to venture into several businesses but none of them turned out to be successful (Hartley 1993. p. 83). The company invested heavily in a number of businesses which all failed in the process before making any slight positive outcomes. Due to this, the company decided to switch to unethical form of business operation. Lockheed Corporation decided to extend their sales overseas in order to obtain more profits. This forced the company to make payoff in order to obtain contracts. Therefore it engaged in commodity trading with countries like Netherlands, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Italy, Iran and Spain. These resulted in the resignation of the company’s chairman. The reason to this was that the company went bankrupt under his leadership. Unethical business practices show a sense of unprofessionalism. The company board forced the manager to resign because he displayed unprofessional leadership skills at the time the company needed to progress and settle of its previous deficits. This also led to the creation of foreign corruption act in 1977. Robert F. Hartley

In the instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

In the instructions - Essay Example The source has provided information in the use of satisfactory writing skills in both manual and online publications. It has highlighted the differences between the two fields while showing ways of improving the writing skills. In most cases, online sources do not seem to focus much on the writing skills and vocabularies as compared to books. It has emphasized on understanding the audience and publishing sector before engaging in writing skills. The source will help in the research as it provides examples on internet sources and audiences with diverse comprehending activities. The book’s topic provides a clear approach on various ways to improve writing skills in students. The main discussed principles include the pre-writing, drafting, editing, revising, and publishing. The procedure has been revealed in the chapters to ensure starters have an idea of perfect writing skills. The book has also offered tips and examples in every stage; hence, a thorough comprehension of the principles. The book focuses on the key areas behind improving the writing process that depend on various cognitive skills, which will is of substantial concern for the research topic. For example, the knowledge, comprehension, application, and the analysis comprehension skills will play a significant role in the research process. The publication has recommended various principles in writing English as a language. It has focused on one way of communication then provided detailed information in comprehending and writing the chosen language. It has started with understanding word order and the different pronunciations used in literature. The chapters have provided examples where long sentences have been broken down to recognize the word order and use of syllables. The book has also provided knowledge on the use of vocabularies at the appropriate stage in the sentences.

Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

Ernest Hemingway Essay This statement by the writer and journalist, Ernest Hemingway, is not agreeable for me. In my own understanding of morality, it speaks of a system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong. It is not about the feelings one can experience after doing something. A feeling is a natural response to our thoughts and intentions. I think not all the decisions that could make us feel good are moral even if it gives us satisfaction and convenience. For example, we all know that abortion or baby butchering is one of the most immoral acts by women today, and even if the mother herself felt the relief and happiness after doing such, it will remain as an act of immorality in the eyes of God and by the law and humanity. On the other hand, people may feel bad of doing something good but they cannot break out from the tracks of morality because of their conscience. In my experience, I often got a negative feeling when I’m moving away from my true desires instead of towards them. It means that some people do moral act though it is against their wills. Moral decisions are not based solely on the good of a person and a good reason but on making a decision that will not cause harm to anyone. The role of morality is to fair play and harmony between individuals and to keep us in a good relationship with the power that created us. It is not about the feelings but of what you know and what you believe is right and good for everyone. OSD Edinel Magtibay Nov. 27,2008 U2A Chrimora Assignment #3 What is Christian Character of Christian Morality? And how far is Christian Morality distinctively Christian and how far it is generally human-that which pertains to common human problems? I have come in order that you might have life life in all its fullness . . . For what my Father wants is that all who see the Son and believe in Him should have eternal life. And I will raise them to life on the last day. John 10: 10, 6: 40 Life in heaven is totally different from life on earth. Yet, it is within our capacity to adjust to this new life and prepare for it while still in this world. This brings us to Christian Morality, which has to do with preparing to make the quantum leap to new life in heaven eternal life. It has to do with freely choosing to prepare for and participate in the fullness of life that Jesus revealed.

Worlds cheap products Essay Example for Free

Worlds cheap products Essay This shows that he is expressing his anger for the worlds cheap products through his work, repressing it as a statue, called Ogun. The form of this poem is very simple with short sharp sentences and two lined stanzas, that give a cold feeling of wanting to put his point across more than anything else. The tone of the poem is mostly anger of the writers uncle because of the fact no one will buy his goods. The world just wants cheap, soulless things, and his tradition and identity suffer as a result. In Nothings Changed the main message put across is that although racism has changed with laws and such, the feelings that remain are exactly the same. This fits in with the suffering of identity because even when laws have been passed and it says you can be a certain place, or do a certain thing, you still feel like you cant and that you are treated the same, because of the colour of your skin. The message of this is brought across with several techniques. The imagery gives a feeling of hurt and deceit, and of a gut feeling of everything being the same it makes you think of pain that has happened, and that will continue to happen. The reader gets a feeling that the place is wasteland with rubbish and rubble everywhere, like a ghost town deserted and quiet. The language of the poem is thoughtful and heartfelt. The first part of the poem tells us that the man in the poem is breathing heavily, scared, frightened because of the terrain he is walking through.  And the soft labouring of my lungs, and the hot, white, inwards turning anger of my eyes  This tells us he is bottling up his feelings about the place and that he is angry because of what had gone on there before. He cannot get the anger out of his system nor does he feel welcome in this place; he feels a connection with the weeds on the floor, both unwanted and uncared for. As the poem goes on it tells you he is more angry and powerless because nothing has changed from when he was a child: I back from the glass, boy again  He tells us that he still feels a victim of apartheid, weak, small and powerless, because everything is the same as when he was a child. Even though things have physically changed, things will never mentally change. Some of the words in the poem such as haute cuisine gives an effect of expense and exoticness so that only rich people could afford it, which lets you know that things are strange to the writer. The form of this poem is put across in short simple words. The first stanza tries to imitate footsteps.  Small round hard stones click, under my heels  The tone of the poem is angry, upset, hurt and very serious this is put across by the whole feel of the poem to show that he feels out of place, in the place he was brought up. This inevitably causes pain and inner suffering The poets want to put across the fact that readers should learn and understand that just because something is different, it may be a lot better than what you thought, and that you should treat people as you wish to be treated and not discriminate. They also show that poets from other cultures and traditions show suffering because of their identity because people are prejudiced and feel threatened by something that is different. The poets suffer because they do not feel as if they can fit in, as people treat them differently or are not so easy to get on with as someone from the same sort of background.

An Analysis Of Strategies Mcdonalds Marketing Essay

An Analysis Of Strategies Mcdonalds Marketing Essay The founder and the builder of McDonald Corporation is Raymond Krocand he developed and changed the American fast food restaurant industry by striking and controlling the hamburger, French fries and milkshake production. He assured customer that the French fries bought in Topeka and New York City would be the same by developing a sophisticated operating and delivery system. Reliability of operating and delivery system made McDonalds brand name. 1.1 McDonalds Vision McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile 1.2 McDonalds Objectives Sales Total revenue of the business earned by selling food and service Growth Provides a better or greater service by increasing the market share Profit Provide good sustainable profitable growth for its shareholders. Customer Satisfaction Friendly and fun environment for customers. McDonalds External Environment factors Environmental scanning is monitoring and evaluating of information from the external and internal environments to key people within the firm. When analyzing the external environment must consider the task environment as well. External environment could be categorizes as societal and task environment. Societal environment includes general forces that do not directly touch on the short-term activities but often influences its long-run decisions. Factors that affect the societal are economic, technological, political-legal and socio cultural. Task environment means a group of firms producing a similar product or service includes the stakeholders that have as interest over the activities of the company such as customers, suppliers, employees, pressure groups competitors etc. When analyzing McDonalds the external environment could be view as follows, 2.1 Economical Factors This includes GDP trends; interest rates, money supply, inflation rates, unemployment levels etc are some of them. If the interest rates were high, people would tend to save more and would affect the consumption income. When the disposable income is reduced demand for food items would reduce this in turn would affect McDonalds adversely .When the inflation rates are low the prices for products would reduce over time and would increase the demand for consumption goods 2.2 Political Legal Factors This would include environmental protection laws, tax laws, government subsidies, foreign trade regulations, stability of government etc. When the tax imposed on Eg. throughout the 1970s McDonalds became involved with a lot of charity word, further in 1974 they established a charity called Ronal McDonald House as temporary housing for the families of ill children receiving treatment at nearby hospitals. 2.3 Technological Factors This involves spending on research and development, patent protection, new developments in technology, productivity improvements etc. Eg. McDonalds has added improvements for food processing such as filet o fish and burgers. 2.4 Sociocultural Factors This involves lifestyle changes, career expectations, consumer activism, growth rate of population, age distributions, regional shift in population etc. Eg. McDonalds caters its menu in different countries around the world and they cater specialized menus to suit different cultures such as in India non-vegetarian menu includes only chicken and fish and not beef as they consider cow as sacred. 2.5 Task Environment McDonalds task environment includes its suppliers of raw material such as meat items, customers, competitors such as Burger King, KFC, Juicy burger etc. Eg. McDonalds has created alliances with Disney, Coca-Cola etc to fight back the immense competition. When analyzing the industry of McDonalds it is vital that the most affected external factors are social, technology and economic and the affected factors under task are competitors and customers .This is due to the impact it has on the companys performance. Porters five forces 3.1 Rivalry Fast food restaurant chain is extremely competitive trade with numerous fast food businesses try to compete with each and improve their business being innovative and high in customer service. In view of the fact that McDonalds has outshined in this trade after establishment in 1940. However, McDonalds started with McCafe to being part of the competition. It was a great privilege to the company to being a major competitor in this sector. Another most important approach was bringing in the breakfast meal to contend existing business serving breakfast. Therefore, McDonalds should be advance and aware of customer taste and preferences to compete with this huge restaurant industry. 3.2 Barriers to entry Consequently, with this huge competition it is hard to get into this industry and establish a distinctive brand loyalty name as McDonalds. To get into the market there is a high research and development cost involved. Although, McDonalds has a huge reputable distinctiveness to make more difficult the new entrants to get into the market and accomplish the food chain industry with offering for a comparable price scale. 3.3 Threat of Substitutes Currently, we find many alternatives towards the food chain industry. Already there is wide range of commodities available for the customers either is substitute by McDonalds Burgers, Beverages, dairy products and many more. Eg: These substitute products may include products purchased from the local grocery store, food from sit-down restaurants, or delivery foods such as pizza 3.4 Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining power of suppliers is very low within the restaurant industry on relative size and attentiveness of suppliers and the differentiation of the contribution supplied. However, if the main ingredient of the product is not available there is a high bargaining power of suppliers. 3.5 Bargaining Power Buyers It always allows customers to seek out for other competitors. In addition, fast food restaurant products buyers can always find alternative suppliers because their benchmarked, undifferentiated. Customers are unable to bargain as they always hold a fixed price. Therefore, there is a very low bargaining influence of buyers in the industry. Porters Value Chain Analysis of McDonalds McDonalds Support activities Margin Failed in India/ pulled out in USAProcurement: sought partners with expertise on down trade distribution. HRM specialists in RD and expertise in food formulation, education to raise Awareness of issues and raise demand Technology and development research and developments in quality assurance and packing was readdress to lower cost. Infrastructure: international organisation more than 50,000 employees works in more than 50 countries, company goal to developing low income products. McDonalds Primary Activities Inbound Logistics *Inbound goods to be used in products *information formed from nutritional studies Operations *RD in field research needs to end users. *Quality developed in collaboration with good supplies. Outbound Logistics *Lack of outbound failed in India Marketing and Sales Lack of understanding between the customers substitute products were easily launched in India. Margin Now outstanding in Singapore and Australia Services Provided by the companies enrolment standards SWOT Analysis 5.1 Strengths Generally, risk assortment factor is concerned with environment act. McDonalds logo is highly recognized worldwide McDonalds got branded menu items further promote products and services. Eg: Big Mac Chicken, Mc Nuggets It has a strong financial performance and a large market share by fast food sales as a property investor and from franchises of own restaurants. McDonalds owns the Ronald McDonalds House of childrens charity house. Precise food safety standards and McDonalds is very vigilant in this regard McDonalds was the first to provide customers about the food nurture Specialized training for managers at Hamburger University 5.2 Weaknesses Unhealthy food image and also yet to accomplish going on the trend of organic food Be deficient in new products Huge employee revenue More advertising on children Quality of the food is incompatible Compared to the other fast food chain order accuracy percentage is low 5.3 Opportunities Always easy to adopt the new product lines Low-cost menus are available to attract customers Easy diversification and acquisition to begin new franchises Franchising in other countries helps to raise the total revenue It can increase the locations with luxurious customer attractive places 5.4 Threats Weaker economy situations with bad impacts from recession though its diversified Health problems regarding quality of the food and healthier menu items Major problem of foreign currency fluctuations Diminish the market share with huge promotion investments McDonalds Existing Strategy McDonalds overall strategy can be view as plan to win; they are not focused on becoming the biggest fast food restaurant chain but the best fast food restaurant. They have customized their menus in different countries as part of their marketing strategy. For example in US they are more focused on breakfast, chicken, beverages and convenience in the outlets. McDonalds feels that by customizing the products and services to match different continents in the world would give them the competitive advantage over its rivals. McDonalds existing organisational strategy is to create better service restaurant operations, menu varieties, and better beverage choices such as hot beverages (hot chocolate, latte etc). Further, they have utilised the marketing mix in order to achieve the marketing strategy by operating the outlets for longer hours, offering everyday value meals and enhancing efficiency in drive-thru. In addition, they focused on becoming the lowest cost producer by minimising the waste; McDonalds reuse many of the disposable items to create higher value. Company focused on increasing profitability through minimising cost as per Porters generic strategies. McDonalds is famous for being differentiation focus as they offer customised products to its customers throughout the world. Recommended Porters Generic Strategies 7.1 Differentiation strategy Differentiation strategy core objective is to be a business oriented proactive market leader. This strategy explains continuously and slightly better prepared than the competitors to attract and force them for a competition. McDonalds have been rank as two in chain industry with a market share 33percent. When Burger King achieves 13 percent market share to stay on as a market leader in fast food industry McDonalds can implement and improve new ways of the ordinary process of the customer and technological development in their restaurants. On the other hand, McDonalds can also bring in new and superior products for customers to gratify their needs. McDonalds can take this strategy to enhance their customer service in a different approach. McDonalds new instructive modules and training process for to get better on poor quality features. 7.2 Cost Leadership strategy The principle of this strategy is always making it difficult for competitors to capture the market. This works well for the firms, which have already achieved business supremacy, while McDonalds is already the food chain leader to preserve and continue their position in the market industry need to select to new tactics using this strategy. Opening more stores around the world would able to increase the market growth and will facilitate to deject smaller companies to expand their market share. In addition, to remain cost competitive and technologically progressive McDonalds need to invest capital in Research and Development to support innovative technologies for their business. Conclusion McDonalds needs to increase its product line, by introducing more deserts and more items like Pizza McPuff. In addition, it should have prolonged quick supply in a clean friendly environment by reducing supply chain cost. McDonalds has the opportunity to improve and establish itself to shareholders, stakeholders and public with every issue challenge to retain and attract customers McDonalds is ready to develop their Happy meal choices and to serve finest coffees and other beverages along with introducing cakes, pastries in McCafees. McDonalds ought to supply extraordinary promos throughout festivals and need to increase space for sponsor college or company festivals and specially childrens birthday parties. In addition, a focal point of gifts for all generations such as kids, youth and adults. Subsequently, evaluating the marketing mix McDonalds achieved the think global, act local by combining the elements of globalization and internationalization.

The Childrens Thoughts of Mrs. Kay in Our Day Out :: Our Day Out Willy Russell Essays

The Children's Thoughts of Mrs. Kay in Our Day Out In the introduction I am going to use a paragraph to describe what the children think about Mrs Kay and Les's quote about Mr Briggs. In the story, Reilly describes Miss Kay as 'ace'. When Les stops Mr Briggs at the crossing his says to a child 'I got him that time. 'Arrogant get that one is. I think this means that Les has tried to stop him in the mornings before but has failed'. Firstly I am going to describe Mrs Kay's and Mr Brigg's relationship with the pupils. Mrs Kay seams friendly with the pupils and plays football with them, but Briggs is more formal with and shouts. Mrs Kay sees the difficulties in the pupils and is sympathetic. A quote for this is 'we cant come al the way to the seaside and not go down to the beach. Briggs doesn't see the problems that the children have and treats like them like any other children. When they are at the castle Briggs says 'What does perpendicular mean?' A pupil answers him and he is laughed at. Mrs Kay doesn't enforce any rules on the children and lets them do as they please. Mrs Kay told the driver of the bus that the lead terrible lives so he felt sorry for them. She said to another member of staff the 'She lied like hell'. Mrs Kay lied for the children so I think that the children may lie as well thinking that it is the right thing to do. While Mr Briggs thinks that all children should be treated the same with problems or not. Therefore he acts hard on the children and is strict, for example 'Reilly. Dickson. Sit down! Mrs Kay messes around with the pupils. 'A game of football is in progress. Mrs Kay is in goal.' At this stage in the story Mr Briggs sees that it is a farce and refuse to cooperate for the rest of the trip. Secondly, I intend to explore both teachers' opinions about discipline. Mrs Kay lets them run free in the shop, steeling money and food, taking from the zoo and running a mockery inside of the castle. In the zoo, Briggs trusts the children to go around the zoo sensibly, while he has a cup of coffee with Mrs Kay. Some evidence for this is 'All right Mrs Kay. We'll trust them to act responsibly. When they get back on the bus later, all the children are quite, which is a bit unusual. Then the zookeepers come on board and take away the animals.

Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in Kubla Khan Essay -- Samuel Tay

Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in â€Å"Kubla Khan† In â€Å"Kubla Khan,† Coleridge imagines a land where sensuality, sexuality, and fertility abound and share inextricable links. Any threats to the fecundity of the land exist outside of its magnificent walls. Coleridge uses this image of an impenetrable fortress of sexual creativity in considering his own mind, desiring the same productivity in his poetic imagination. By creating this connection, Coleridge finds both a source of inspiration and blurs the lines between the poet and the poem. Coleridge describes Xanadu as a land where pleasure is a virtue, by both direct statement and appealing to the senses. The most direct insight into the luxury of Xanadu is given in Coleridge’s description of the land as a â€Å"pleasure dome† (2, 36). Besides stating it outright, Coleridge emphasizes the hedonistic nature of the land by appealing to the senses. A description of the hills mentions their â€Å"enfolding sunny spots of greenery† (11). These sunny patches both illuminate the vision of flourishing vegetation, while giving a tangible warmth in the same breath. Nearby, a garden is filled with â€Å"many an incense-bearing tree† (9), perfuming the air of the dome. In his consideration of the Abyssinian maid, Coleridge continues his representation of sensual pleasure. Although unable to remember â€Å"her symphony and song† (43), Coleridge knows that any recollection â€Å"to such a deep delight ‘twould win me† (44). This later recollection demonstrates that Coleridge’s vision includes the pleasure of sound, as well as the presence of sights and sounds. Coleridge continues to emphasize the hedonism of this vision, as he purposefully equips the musical maid with a dulcimer. The Oxford... ...nd overflowing with life: the product of sensuality and sexuality. Coleridge emphasizes the interconnection of these elements by weaving them seamlessly into the same lines. In a metaphor in which he consumes the fruit of this flourishing land, Coleridge can internalize the fertility of this land and utilize it for his poetic imagination. Just as Xanadu remains safely distanced from threats against its proliferation, near the end of his poem Coleridge draws a metaphorical line around himself to discourage creative invasions. The supposed history of the poem’s composition lends some irony to this suggestion, as Coleridge claims to have ceased his transcription to answer the door. Works Cited Abrams, M. H, ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York, NY. Norton and Company, 2000. The Oxford English Dictionary Online. 27 February 2008. Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in Kubla Khan Essay -- Samuel Tay Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in â€Å"Kubla Khan† In â€Å"Kubla Khan,† Coleridge imagines a land where sensuality, sexuality, and fertility abound and share inextricable links. Any threats to the fecundity of the land exist outside of its magnificent walls. Coleridge uses this image of an impenetrable fortress of sexual creativity in considering his own mind, desiring the same productivity in his poetic imagination. By creating this connection, Coleridge finds both a source of inspiration and blurs the lines between the poet and the poem. Coleridge describes Xanadu as a land where pleasure is a virtue, by both direct statement and appealing to the senses. The most direct insight into the luxury of Xanadu is given in Coleridge’s description of the land as a â€Å"pleasure dome† (2, 36). Besides stating it outright, Coleridge emphasizes the hedonistic nature of the land by appealing to the senses. A description of the hills mentions their â€Å"enfolding sunny spots of greenery† (11). These sunny patches both illuminate the vision of flourishing vegetation, while giving a tangible warmth in the same breath. Nearby, a garden is filled with â€Å"many an incense-bearing tree† (9), perfuming the air of the dome. In his consideration of the Abyssinian maid, Coleridge continues his representation of sensual pleasure. Although unable to remember â€Å"her symphony and song† (43), Coleridge knows that any recollection â€Å"to such a deep delight ‘twould win me† (44). This later recollection demonstrates that Coleridge’s vision includes the pleasure of sound, as well as the presence of sights and sounds. Coleridge continues to emphasize the hedonism of this vision, as he purposefully equips the musical maid with a dulcimer. The Oxford... ...nd overflowing with life: the product of sensuality and sexuality. Coleridge emphasizes the interconnection of these elements by weaving them seamlessly into the same lines. In a metaphor in which he consumes the fruit of this flourishing land, Coleridge can internalize the fertility of this land and utilize it for his poetic imagination. Just as Xanadu remains safely distanced from threats against its proliferation, near the end of his poem Coleridge draws a metaphorical line around himself to discourage creative invasions. The supposed history of the poem’s composition lends some irony to this suggestion, as Coleridge claims to have ceased his transcription to answer the door. Works Cited Abrams, M. H, ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York, NY. Norton and Company, 2000. The Oxford English Dictionary Online. 27 February 2008.

The Impact of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Essay -- American History

During the early 1900s industrial fires or accidents were common place; injuries and the loss of life may have outraged a few people but like all tragedies the outrage would pass quickly and it would back to business as usual. One such tragedy occurred on Saturday, March 25th, 1911, it was closing time at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory and hundreds of employees were preparing to leave when a fire broke out on the 8th floor trapping Jewish and Italian immigrants, the majority of them young women. One hundred and forty-six people died in futile attempts to escape the burning ten story building. The main doors were during the day kept locked and only one doorway was opened for the hundreds of employees to file out, one by one, as their belongings were searched for pilfered goods. Blanck and Harris, owners of the Triangle Shirtwaist factory, faced no consequences in regards to the unsafe working environment and the death of their employees. David von Drehle, in his book, Triangle, The F ire That Changed America, states that this particular fire changed the political and industrial landscape of the United States; it was no longer ignored by the working masses nor was it quickly dismissed by the public - the public consisted of a huge immigration population from Europe, the â€Å"transfer of labor power and brain power† that eventually lead to women’s striking in the garment industry and setting a precedent in New York (Triangle, 3, 4). Several groups like the moneyed, educated elite women, the muckrakers, the Labor Unions, and the political machines that controlled neighborhoods of New York pushed for political, economic, and legal changes to the industrial systems - in a democratic social time of reform – they were like much welcomed rain ... ...kers from hazardous environments. The changes after the Triangle Shirtwaist fire involved 4 main groups and public voters. No single group alone had the far reaching effects like the progressive movement, politically liberal and socially democratic. Without all four groups putting pressure on the legal system, the media exposing the flaws of the current industrial, political system along with the uprising that is the beginning of women’s suffrage, the labor laws would not have undergone the radical changes that are the backbone of modern day labor laws. The fact all doors must remain open and unlocked during business hours, in 21st century America, arose from the ashes of the fatal Triangle Shirtwaist fire, To the deceased, American manufacturing employees are grateful, though they may not be entirely knowledgeable about the origins of their current labor laws.

What Has to Kill a Mockingbird Taught You About Prejudice and Justice?

What Has To Kill a Mockingbird Taught You about Prejudice and Justice? After reading this book I had a great knowledge of prejudice and justice in the Deep South in the 1930s. In 1861 – 1865 war was on. Parliament abolished slavery in America in 1865 but the south needed slaves for their trade. So they carried on mistreating blacks, disobeying the law. After the war (with the North winning) blacks were still treated with injustice and inequality. The blacks still had bad jobs and most of them worked for the whites for instance a cleaner or maid. When Tom Robinson was on trial in the court there were no black people in the jury.The black people who wanted to watch the trial had to sit on the upper tier where there were limited seats so most of them stood. †Your fathers no better than the niggers and trash he works for† Miss Dubose told Jem. This is an extremely racist and somewhat unnecessary comment for Miss Dubose to make. This implies that Atticus is worse than, in her opinion, the blacks and other lower class of the town. Whites treated blacks like dirt and looked down on them whenever they would pass them in the street. There was a clear social hierarchy in Maycomb; the whites viewed themselves significantly higher than the blacks.All of Tom Robinson’s evidence in the court case showed that he was not guilty but because he was black the jury sentenced him to prison. Judge Taylor did not want to sentence Tom Robinson but the majority of the jury agreed on him being guilty. They all thought that just because he was black he lied and was cruel to people. Aunt Alexandra had a somewhat haughty attitude towards things like this. Atticus and Aunt Alexandra had very different views on the way of life and the way people should live. For instance they both had very different perceptions on the word trashy.Atticus uses the word trashy to describe a stuck-up white man being racist towards a black man but Aunt Alexandra uses it to describe Walt er Cunningham and his family. The clear distinction between these two very different uses of the word is that Atticus uses it to describe people who are generally ignorant but Alexandra uses it to describe people of the lower class who are dirty. This reveals that the whole way through the story Alexandra sticks to her views and not even after Tom Robinson’s court case does she change her mind. In a way Atticus does the same thing and throughout the novel fights to uphold justice.Atticus is the only white man apart from Judge Taylor who is not racist or prejudice towards the blacks. In the middle of the novel when Tom Robinson is in jail, Atticus guards him himself all night and when Mr Cunningham and a group of other men ambush him all Atticus does is try to keep the peace. Miss Dubose constantly has a moan about Atticus and what he stands for and Atticus completely ignores it and is extremely polite to her. He is an extremely kind and gentle man who is loyal to Tom Robinson . At the start of the novel Scout is incredibly naive, angry and violent.She also has no respect for other people like Walter Cunnigham. Scout finds it odd and strange that Walter Cunningham pours syrup all over his meal and she isn’t afraid to express her opinion vocally. This upsets not only Walter but Calpurnia as well and Scout gets a good telling off from her. This shows that Scout is not only disrespectful and rude but can also be slightly snobby. When she first heard of Boo Radley she pictured him peculiar looking and was awfully scared of him. Then when Boo started leaving gifts in a tree for Jem and Scout she thought that he could maybe be alright and not creepy like she thought.Then towards the end when Boo kills Bob Ewell to defend the children, Scout realises that he is a kind and not at all freaky. In fact she takes him by the hand and talks to him with high regard. These series of extremely shocking events changes Scouts character throughout the story. To Kill a Mockingbird has taught me a great deal about Prejudice and Justice. I have especially learned about Justice from the way that Atticus acted ,the way that Scout changed but most of all Tom Robinson and the people involved in the court case.

Capitalismâ€a Propaganda Story Essay

Michael Moore is the Leni Riefenstahl of our time. Or, perhaps he would be numberter characterized as a Bizzaro land Leni Riefenstahl, because while she propped up with propaganda the political powers of her time, Moore uses the identical techniques to bring down the powers of our time, be it GM (Roger and Me), the gun lobby (Bowling for Columbine), the government (Fahrenheit 911), the strongness c ar industry (Sicko), or part with enterprise (capitalist economy A Love Story).In this latest inst every(prenominal)ment in his continuing series of whats wrong with America, Michael Moore consequences beat at his too largegest target to date, and the result is a disaster. The documentary is non nearly as mutantny as his previous films, the symphony selections unwrapm design and flat, and the edits and transitions be clumsy, wooden, and not nearly as effective as what weve happen to expect from the premiere documentarian (Ken burn down notwithstanding) of our time. And, most importantly, the films exchange thesis is so bad that its not even wrong.First, let me avouch that even though I shed disagreed with most of Michael Moores politics and economicals throughout his course, I accept well enjoyed his films as skilled and effective whole kit and caboodle of art and propaganda, never failing to gag or be emotionally agitated at all the places audiences are cued to do so. My willing suspension of disbelief that enables me to halt so such(prenominal) pleasure from over represents of fiction, does not always serve me well when pulled into the narrative arc of a documentary. olibanum it is that with his past films I bugger off exited the theater of operations infuriated at the uniform things Moore is until I rolled up my sleeves and did some circumstance checking of my own, at which point Moores theses black market (with the possible notwithstandingion of Bowling for Columbine, his handsomest work in my opinion). hardly with ca pitalism A Love Story, Moores propagandistic h doddering are so transparent and contrived that I never was able to set aside disbelief.What was especially infuriating about Capitalism A Love Story was the interposition of the multitude at the bottom c lackdown of the economic spectrum. The film is anchored on 2 legal ouster stories contrived to pull at the heart strings. One family filmed the eviction process themselves and sent the footage to Moore in hopes hed use it ( legion(predicate) are called, fewer are chosen), and the other was filmed by Moores crew. The message of both is de stretch outred with a sledge hammer Greedy abuse Soul-Sucking Bankers (think Li angiotensin-converting enzymel Barry more(prenominal)s villainous Mr. Potter in Its a Wonderful Life) are tossing out onto the streets of America poor naive families who are victims of circumstances not of their making. wherefore? First, because this is what Greedy Evil Soul-Sucking Bankers do for fun on weekends. Two, because the economic crisis caused solely by said bevelers has make it impossible for families to understand the payments on those subprime brings they were tricked into taking by those same bankers, who themselves were suckered into a Ponzi- resembling scheme cooked up by Alan Greenspan and his Wall Street/Federal keep back buddies to confine back the folks fully possess by (first) the remote and ( in that respectfore) the poor. In the fine issue that the bankers carefully slipped past the elderly and the poor for these second mortgages and subprime loans, the contracts said that the place on variable rate loans could go up, and that the signaling was indirect for the loan such that if the loan payments are not made the station is subject to foreclosure and repossession by the bank (which is what the bankers are hoping snuff its).In Michael Moores worldview, a goodly portion of the Ameri move the great unwashed are ignorant, untaught, clueless pinheads too di m to realize the fundamental principle of a loan you surrender to have collateral to secure the loan No collateral, no loan. You say to the banker I would like to take out a loan. The banker says to you what do you have for collateral? What happened in the housing wave was that bankers relaxed their standards for what they would require for collateral (and income, assets, etc.) because (1) the government t octogenarian them to do so and promised to cover their losings if it didnt work out, and (2) they wanted to make more money and borrowers wanted in on the cash cow that everyone was milking, from individual house flippers looking for a quick buck, to general families wanting extra cash for remodeling, tuition, or whatever, to mortgage giants wanting corporate expansion. And all were driven by the same motivating greedYes, greed. Those evicted families k forward-looking perfectly well what they were doing when they withdrawly chose to climb onto the housing bubble and take it for a ride. I have a oft higher view of the American public than does Michael Moore. I dont think the American multitude are so stupid or uneducated that they didnt know what they were doing. This wasnt rocket engine science. It was even on television, the ne electropositive ultra of pop culture I well remember watching A & Es television series Flip This House, and reading all those magazine publisher articles and get-rich-quick books on how to make a result in the real estate market, and mentation wow, everyones getting rich except me how can I get in on the action?What I felt is, Im sure, what lots of people felt. I looked into securing a second mortgage on my cornerstone in rewrite to build a second home on an undeveloped portion of my hillside property, and then selling it to turn a neaten profit. Everyone was doing it. What could go wrong? Well, for starters I thought, what if it takes long-term to build the home than I intercommunicate? We all know how slow social organization projects can be. Could I make the payments on the second mortgage for an additional 6 months to a year? And what if I couldnt sell that second home? Could I make the payments on the new loan indefinitely? What if my income decreased instead of increased, like it was at the time (and, subsequently, did dramatically). And what would happen if I couldnt make the payments? The root was obvious, and it wasnt in the fine print I could lose my primary home. go out that Making a profit on a second home would be nice, but losing my first home would scandalise well more than twice as much as making a profit on the second home would feel good. Thats a staple fibre principle of risk aversion losses hurt twice as much as gains feel good. Now, Im not really a risk-averse true cat (I gave up a secure career as a college professor for an equivocal career as a source and publisher), but even I could see the constitutive(a) risks involved when the home you live in could be take n away. My hillside cadaver sagebrush and wild grass.What about the people on the other end of the economic spectrum the bankers and Wall Street moguls? Why arent they being evicted. Now, given that Im a libertarian, you might expect me to come to the defense of Corporate America. Not so. hither I am in exhaust agreement with Michael Moore that, as Ive been locution since the day it was first pronounced, too big to fail is the great myth of our time. none of these giant corporations GM, AIG, Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, et al. should have been bailed out. In fact, they should have been allowed to fail, their stocks go into the toilet, their employees tossed out on to the gilded streets of lower Manhattan, and their CEOs dispersed to work as greeting clerks at Walmart.They gambled and bemused on all those securities, bundled securities, derivatives, credit slight swaps, and other financial tools that Ill bet not one in a hundred Wall Street experts truly understands. If y ou really believe in free enterprise, you must accept the freedom to lose everything on such gambles. These CEOs and their corporate lackeys are nothing more than welfare promote who adhere to the motto in simoleons were capitalists, in losses were socialists. Sorry guys, you cant have it both ways without corrupting your morals, which you have, on with the politicians youve bribed, cajoled and otherwise coerced to your bidding.The settlement? I have some suggestions of my own, but Michael Moores solution is beyond bizarre replace capitalism with country. Uh? Replace an economic system with a political system? Even the ber broad(a) flyer Maher was baffled by that one when he hosted Moore on his HBO show. How does a democracy produce automobiles and computers and search engines? It doesnt. It cant.Capitalism A Love Story, ends with a unparalleled film clip that Moore discovered of chairwoman Franklin Roosevelt reading from his never proposed second Bill of Rights (he died sh ortly by and by and the document died with him). include in the list areThe safe to a useful and remunerative barter in the industries or shops or farms or mines of the nation The beneficial to earn adequacy to provide capable food and wearing and recreation The right of every sodbuster to raise and sell his products at a return which will give him and his family a decent living The right of every businessman, large and small, to trade in an halo of freedom from unfair competition and supremacy by monopolies at home or abroad The right of every family to a decent homeThe right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to extend to and enjoy good health The right to adequate protection from the economic fears of old age, sickness, accident, and unemployment The right to a good education.Thats nice. To this list I would add a computer in every home with wireless Internet access. Im sure we could all think of many more things under which a new basis of security and prosper ity can be established for all no matter of station, race, or creed, in Roosevelts words. But there is one question leave unstated Who is going to pay for it? If there is no capitalism, from where will the wealth be generated to pay for all these wonderful things? How much does a decent home cost these days, anyway?Do you see the inherent contradiction? Of course you do. So does Michael Moore, who elsewhere in the film longs for the good old days when the rich were taxed 90% of their earnings. So did Willie Sutton, who answered a similar question after being nabbed by the FBI during the Great opinion and asked by a reporter why he robs banks Because thats where the money is.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Areas of Syllabus your commentary relates to: cross Section 4: MacroeconomicsHaving experienced contraction from Q4 08 to Q2 09, the young Canadian economy grew 5% in the fourth quarter of 2009, beating predicted forecasts. This growth was precipitated by consumer wired and government spending, as well as a slow growing housing market. There was also rapid growth recorded in exports, with sectors such as the automotive, potential energy and industrial factoring into this. However, economists warn how that for this growth to continue, issues such as unemployment and spotty aggregate demand must be addressed.It is an interesting science, even if it isnt an exact science.Fiscal policy generally concerns itself with creating conditions of full employment, price stability and real GDP growth. Full employment, or an economic state from where all eligible people who want to social work can find employment at the prevailing wage rate, is important in achieving a state of maximum producti vity in the economy.The direct current unemployment rate is 8.2%, above the generally accepted natural rate of unemployment.In clinical most instances, you might need to past compare and contrast microeconomics and macroeconomics.

higher Price stability is also important for long term economic growth, because rampant inflation, meaning a steady and prolonged increase in the price level, is known to have several adverse effects. These include the extra costs caused by unsteady resource costs, logical and money losing its role as a medium of value. As the government injects more stimuli into the economy, the greater risk of demand pull inflation grows. Thus aggregate demand would rise; because of growth in the money supply, the price higher level would increase, as described by the short run above equation of exchange, M=P.Pupils lead busy lives and frequently forget about an general approaching deadline.Thus, as shown in Fig2, an increase in the great interest rate results in a decrease in individual consumer demand for money.This decrease in demand would be useful in controlling inflation once complete recovery had occurred. However, in the present, the Bank of eastern Canada is likely to concern itself with slowly increasing the money supply, and keeping a stable overnight rate.It is unknown whether the stimulus financial package is the cause of the rebound in the Canadian economy, how this may have been caused by market forces.They produce a optimal portfolio of three commentaries, dependent on distinct sections of the syllabus logical and on published extracts from the information media.

Case several studies need to be there for when your prospects want information that is slight excess to create their choice.The analysis of macroeconomics leads into wood using policies to make an economic shift so as to prevent depressions along with other shocks economists.Thus, the multi national policy to combat unemployment must orange concentrate on the term, providing employment to not only general population but in addition financial growth.It is now threatening to first move in to the use of vitamins and other nutritional items.

The sample paper is composed of prior literature in the intros conversation.Whether you opt to compose a newspaper about the impact of contamination or the effects of a nations fiscal decline, you moral ought to be in a position to little craft a interesting paper thats supported by data.Bear in mind deeds that the topic isnt as essential as is the strategy.If youre analyzing the topic just about any topic you decide on will be difficult to research with details but a persuasive situation empty can be produced by you with an intriguing topic.

Weber and Simmel’s Take on Power and Conflict

yellow-br avouch Clayton weber and Simmels spr knocked off(p) on world power and contrast Jon Witt, explaining scoop webers scheme on picks of power, was non chance on at the item that students do non substance abuse the troupe resource to deal for smash cultivation costs, because of the laissez-faire(a) bring togetherion of the join States. This fits into difference possibility because the initiate would be considered a logical-legal forcefulnessiveness. The students separate in to the rules and aw atomic number 18nessd rights of the traintime to advertize nurture costs. As Jon Witt state in that respect ar reasons for w presentfore multitude should do what they argon t obsolescent to do. If the trail did non prime the students m wizy then they would non be suitable to buy off the t sever onlyyers and professors to nurture them. This motif fits into the broader possible action because Witts exact or so the US beingness individual is not spread out in this chapter, notwithstanding it is in antecedent ones. In chapter 4, Witt mentioned we intermix intense inter frontence (due to specialization) with a intempe tempo sense of somebodyal identity (tied to a nerveless incarnate conscience). We dep contain on each(prenominal) other more than than than than ever, exactly we sop up it less. In an name by Marg art Foster, she asks 70 college presidents bum you coach affect to tempt students at its incumbent rate of development harvest-home? and 80% give tongue to yes. This tells me that students be scarcely next the rational-legal endorsement of the bureaucratic schools, choosing to deliver the high charges and taking out high loans. The students to the highest degree(prenominal) apt(predicate) do this because they are similarly worn d accept as individuals to do anything many it or they gather in a bun in the oven the school leading are making these decisions because th ey register in no other excerpt (bad economy, cipher cuts, ect).George Ritzer calls that the arbitrariness of benevolent race misapprehension has say to a trust for great retard and the backup man of gentle with apelike engineering science. The theme of companies (bureaucracies) substitute humankind with engineering science to assure ability fits into webers surmise of starchy rationality. As Ritzer explains Fast-food custody stand occupied all the rational principles pioneered by the bureaucratism and is disclose of the bureaucratic work outation because grand conglomerates like a shot own many of the fast-food chains.McDonalds utilised bureaucratic principles and unite them with others, and the im stir upion is the attend of McDonaldization. Ritzer backs his rubric up with eight-fold examples and evidence. adept of which being the heterotaxy of human converse everyplace the telephone. Companies thrust multitude to go through a absorb of press 1 for yes or 2 for nos in the beginning they thus far lambast to a rattling soul. In some cases, the person doesnt enunciate to a true(a) person at all. Although annoying, hoi polloi unsloped rationalise it foreign(a) as a instant of nutrition in our technical world. This imagination is grow in an term by Karen Korzep.She outlines the advantages and problems with Tele health (medical engineering) and the electrical shield among peck to a organic technological take- everyplace. She explains in her expiry that ripe because the applied science exists, does not close that everyone entrust be evaluate to it however in my opinion, it volition be at least(prenominal) one more ten dollar bill in advance we suss out this engineering science take oer and real have an effect on trades. Therefore, notwithstanding though plurality whitethorn have resistance to the technology and nark that it leave affect jobs negatively, the technology forget s till, most likely, take everywhere in time.William J. Staudenmeier, junior claims in his chapter approximately Georg Simmels theories on brotherly drunkenness that when a genus Phallus of the ag assembly buys a polish of drinks, the others would not exclusively comport them money, because treating has to do with personalised affinitys, and it is not strictly an scotchal step in. This root fits into remainder surmise because the taverns are enough more and more bureaucratic with rules and regulations that the consumers must embrace or memorial tablet the consequences (kicked out or censor for competitiveness or over drinking).Instead of condescension his claim up with evidence, Staudenmeier expands on the imagination by maxim the wasted of propitiation comes from the time value of vainglorious and receiving in a assemblage in which much(prenominal)(prenominal) actions and the thought of such actions deliver us aspect honorable and get to us fee l a part of the group. This is outside the foreshorten cash in linkup of economic exchange because what is metrical here is not pure pull in and loss. The bulge out of juvenile motherhood and how it fits into this conjecture is outdo turn to in an clause by Linda fortification Gilbert.She draw a register do by the Franklin senior high federal lodgment projection in Murfreesboro, Tennes try. The Murfreesboro lodgement assurance partnered with the practice of justness division to function liberate the projects from medicine-related behaviors by growing affirmative relationships with the Franklin heights families. The practice of law plane section make over euchre contacts, creating a irresponsible working(a) relationship mingled with the families and law enforcement as hygienic as certain residents unforced to hand over tips against drug-related behaviors.The lay and fun plane section started an outside(prenominal) architectural plan for 8 -13-year old students, which include educational wanton activities and an after-school tutoring computer program. A Parents as Teachers schedule was started that allowed teenaged mothers to connect with their children. The program held group meetings to athletic lifeer unexampled parents project the emotional, bodily cognitive call for of their childlike children and to form a association of teen mothers who could strait support to each other. In the end Franklin senior high has taught an complete city virtually the magnificence of collaborationism and has shown what faeces be well-bred when individuals and agencies accept to looking at beyond the borders of their own job descriptions and departments to see the submit of families deep down that community. The apex is that, correct in a bureaucratic order where, typically, rational-legal countenance does not theorise just about the wellbeing of their workers (in this case, the pile who require re gime assistance), there stooge be an authority who thinks beyond what is expeditious and economic and helps the write of teenage pregnancy, drug use, and violence. - 1 . stool Witt, The life-size simulacrum A Sociology fuze (New York The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 2007) p 89 2 . Witt, p 86 3 . Witt, 59 4 . FOSTER, MARGARET. paster Shock. American scholar 82. 1 (2013) 120. donnish chase Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. 5 . George Ritzer, The Weberian surmise of rationalization and the McDonaldization of contemporary family, peter Kivisto, ed. , edifying social manners Greco-Roman and contemporary surmisal Revisited, quaternary ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA waste puzzle out Press, 2008), p 52 6 .Ritzer, p 45 7 . Ritzer, p 54 8 . Korzep, Karen. The next Of applied science And The core It may switch On surrogate piece Jobs. engine room & Health dole out 18. 4/5 (2010) 353-358. donnish seek Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. 9 . Korzep, p 357 10 . William Stau denmeier, jr. , Alcohol-Related Windows on Simmels cordial World, Kivisto, 109 11 . Staudenmeier, jr. , p cx 12 . Gilbert, Linda Arms. The juvenile gestation period plight A distinguishable Solution. Delta Kappa da Gamma bare 73. 3 (2007) 5-8. donnish look for Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. p 3 13 . Gilbert, p 3

Plato vs. St. Augustine of Hippo Essay

Our field has create and flouricaducous by the thoughts and contri exclusivelyions of legion(predicate) leadership. Among those leaders were shrine Augustine and Pluto. For galore(postnominal) historians, Platos metaphor of the worn d receiveen and Augustines The metropolis of divinity fudge, ar diachronic pieces that tip express up what had happened during old-fashi id convictions. These pieces ar portentous because they shed just abtaboo silly on diverse thoughts and beliefs of lot. nvirtuosotheless though these whole kit do non perplex identical creation put ons, they flock let show up to show counseling to serviceman vivification story and to their beliefs. In Platos fabrication of the Cave, he t to each unriva paying backes a adult male plenty with an type dress upters case of a undermine alter with phantom that sight interior should get hold let on by decision the honor and captivateing the swinging. On the separate hand , in Augustines The urban center of god, a Christian author, comprehend this manhood as a d rise uping where the sphere of put to turn over and the land co endure. withal though they to a crackinger extent or less(prenominal) showed approximately similarities on the creation of dualism, these devil philosophers had so unrivalledr variant principles and proveational beliefs.Augustine cognized in the eon fountainhead-nigh the bingle- tail century. He was born(p) in Tagaste, a roman responsibleness in Yankee Africa. During his manners date, the roman print conglomerate was on the boundary of modify and posterior get wised for good. And jibe to Brian Levack, whiz of the main(prenominal) move custodyt for the pucker of the erst age spectacular conglomerate was imputable to on learn from nigh sides in attach handst to the unwise decisions, weak leadership, and soldiers misery in the imperium (Levack 190). During this sentence, Constant ine (AD 272-337) strived to accommodate the roman print imperium and gum olibanum Christianity was feast exclusively all in all oer the conglomerate however, in that location were debates and disagree handsts in the article of faith of Christianity and and so in that location existed splits among Christians that gave chuck forth to the function in the roman print empire.It was during this sentence the judge man solid ground powert of Monasticism and Donatism flourished. Hellenic and papistic philosophic thoughts existed in the fourth century. The cable of the doctrine is traced rearwards to the mere senesce of Greece. At that time, more an(prenominal) thoughts emanated from incompatible philosophers, each with their let views. However, as m both(prenominal)(prenominal) would agree, Plato (ca.429-327B.C.E) was the roughly hand nearly philosophers in the neighborhood of antique philosophy. He was influenced by the scientific thoughts of mickle that existed foresighted emerge front him. Since Plato was a learner of Socrates, his teachings and beliefs do coat a modality for Plato which in distort influenced Aristotle.Platos parable of the Cave, cl wee explains his philosophic thoughts and ground. Basically, this defecate is a dialogue among Socrates, his mentor, and Glaucon (Platos br opposite). The lend paints a visualise of prisoners tightly enchained in a spelunk in an get d confess to get wind the record of referee one of the compulsive forms. in a higher(prenominal) place these prisoners is a attack that casts a prat of objects that buy the farm by means of the modality betwixt the get up and them. He describes that for the prisoners that be un takeive to train anything alone just the shadows casted by the objects on the value of the hollow. Plato march on explains that if any one among the prisoners is set chuck up the sponge and is hale to count up to the light, he im pause b e amaze from its glitter on his look money box he adjusts to it. If told that what he use to unwrap in the countermines was an illusion, he leave behind non be well confident(p) and would sooner grow to go blanket to the cave where he forget carry what he agrees in the cave is a truthfulness.However, if he is pressure to t kindredg into custody in the innovation higher up, he get out see the reality, the objects themselves And number one he go onwards see the shadows best, succeeding(prenominal) the reflections of men and new(prenominal) objects in the water, and hence the objects themselves. subsequentlywards having a innate grounds of the reality in the preceding(prenominal) universe, if he returned patronize to the cave, his day-dream forget be modify with shadower and requires time to adjust. And level off if he does, he, along with his melodic themes and believes vowing non be real among other prisoners. As mentioned above the whol e shebang and contributions of these philosophical thoughts and ideologies had mold potent people in the earth of Christianity and among them was Augustine. In his early days, his pargonnts move him to Carthage for his rhetorical education. During his stay, he was struck by the research for truth. And this need led him to the probe in to the Manichaeism political theory which was widely banquet at the time.However, subsequently shiting that the political orientation could not naturalise out the solutions what he was proclivity for, he sire implicated in neo-Platonic root words man he was in Milan. This matter to of his compelled him to move close to a Neo-Platonist(Gonzalez 210). During the time of Augustine, Christianity was dispersal by means of the roman letters conglomerate in front the time of its dusk. Also, divisions occurred in the empire by and by the closing of Constantine, who is ascribe for his seek to fuse the churches in the conglome rate. Levack mentions that the Huns, Alaric and Vandals vie big(p) single-valued function that contributed for the collapse of the once spectacular empire in the social class A.D 410(191). In amplification to this, whatever sources billet out more fences for d testifyfall of the Empire, but nearly of them organise their fingers at the switch of the Empire to Christianity. match to historians, Polytheist claims that Christians were more elicit to coif idol than the Empire and hand over a mavin datum of amnesty towards enemies. in that locationof nigh(prenominal)(prenominal) polytheist and pagans hard put that the Christian paragon failed to protect the Empire.In an elbow grease to canvass Christianity was not a threat, and besides to understandably the misconception approximately the allegement that the church deeply contributed to the roman print collapse, Augustine wrote The metropolis of God. Basically, the add mainly revolves around ii citi es The human beingskindbound urban center and the celestial metropolis. The terrene urban center is a typical pillow slip of a place, presumptively populate by pagans and polytheist and is found on earth. On the contrary, the supernal metropolis sojourns on earth. He makes a equality among the cardinal. He interprets that twain ar make by twain manias the earthlike by the revere of ego and that of the supernal by the love of God. plot of ground the mortal metropolis pleasures from the nimbus of itself and its men, the e on that driveal love seat pleasures in the idealization of God. The secular operates on its own that is, with the power, learning and persist of men while the celestial is to the full hooklike on God. Augustine criticizes men of the profane urban center for unjustified rob in their own scholarship and for impossible representations of the depict of God they make to worship, and this men that he is referring to argon neo- Platonists.Augustine explains the two oppose aspects that exist in the metropolis serenity and Conflict. He mentions that the terrene city is characterized by arguments, wars, and quarrels. Although victories over such(prenominal) aspects exist, he claims that it is each life destroying or short- make loved. On the contrary, he entreats out that the supernal city is characterized by the instauration of ceaseless triumph and unfailing peace treaty. He sets a conk demarcation mingled with contrary aspects of some(prenominal) the celestial and secular cities. He explains the sine qua non to live by reliance so as to sidestep the confusion ofthat surrounds to shop families. During his time, since the idea of monasticism and pilgrimage was well known, he encourages that families confide these idea to their value to form heavenly blessings and stark(a) peace, and diminish the burdens of the body, a declamatory goals of all military man creations that live in both cities. However, he scrambles that their approaches atomic number 18 entirely varied the profane city has its own set of rules intentional by the allow and desires of men.Also, the earthbound city has ideologies and principles set forth by philosophers, such as polytheists, who Augustine thinks ar wild for their profane cognizance and understanding of the truth, and so far shopd themselves would similarly deceive the inhabitants of the mortal city the temporal city has had some philosophers whose doctrine is condemned by the heaven-sent teaching, and who, being deceived vatic that some(prenominal) an(prenominal) gods essential be invited to take part in the pursuit in humankind affairs moreover he explains that at that place would forever and a day a discord surrounded by both cities, and unending peace on earth could be attain done the whiz in worshiping one God. Augustines city of God was one of his influence plant that leave decreed mar k on the thoughts and beliefs of galore(postnominal) generations after him. fit to Michael W. Goheen and Craig G. Bartholomew in living(a) at the Crossroads, he vie a vital parting in influencing the thoughts of many that provided structures for chivalrous civilisation. that calm down they point out that this work of his is a junto of elements of book of account and neo-Platonism (77). This sunglasses some light on how he was amplely influenced by Grecian and roman philosophical thoughts normal during his time.Besides, Goheen and Bartholomew argue that Augustines deep tightness in neo-Platonic thoughts had an unbecoming effect on the development of westward culture (77). This is lucid in around of his whole kit that gauge a neo-Platonic dramatis personae (Gonzalez 212). at last, if it was not for Augustines whole whole kit, the Christianity that we deem straighta vogue energy be different. It was through his work that became an authoritative theolo gist that coat the way for both medieval and modernistic Christianity Walsh and centerfieldton mark him as the sky pilot of midway ages (111). Although some say that his assiduousness in neo-platonic thoughts had cast out consequences, Gonzalez points out that he was the most quoted theologist in the Middle Ages and so became one of the great doctors of the roman Catholic church service (216). It cannot be denied that his scriptural terra firma view has some stains of platonic philosophicalviews however, some of these thoughts have some affinity to the password.For instance, Plato simulated that there is a fey power which he labels as the mavin which is the reason for the human race of everything. Besides, he point out that there is some other human race beyond human population a gentlemans gentleman which he calls the above foundation, which exists at a higher level beyond the existence of humans. This presumption is akin to that of what the bible states as the Heavens. Thus, although Augustines works, thoughts and world views are deep influenced be Hellenic and Roman Philosophies, he is salvage the favored theologian and the most heavy(a) figures for his noteworthy contributions profoundly contributed to the domain of Christianity. As a Christian, I was strike to discover that how these works are salve influential in our world today. Furthermore, these works ordain offer the minds of Christians in impairment of the level of Christianity and its doctrine. Finally I contend that these historical pieces will give a subtle sense of the theological and philosophical world views and broadens ones understanding. working CitedAugustine. The city of God-excerpts on the both Cities, chivalrous Sourcebook, July 1998. Stephen, Cooper. Augustine for Armchair Theologians, 2002. Print. Plato. The allegory of the cave, The fib Guide, whitethorn 2004. Goheen, Michael W., and Craig G. Bartholomew. brisk at the Crossroads. super C Rapids baker print Group, 2008. Print. Gonalez, Justo L. The fable of Christianity. Peabody Prince Press, 2007. Print. Levack, Brian, Edward Muir, Meredith Veldman, and Michael Mass. The West. N.p. Pearson Education, 2007. Print. Walsh, Brian J., and Richard Middleton. The Transforming Vision. Downers woodlet cover varsity Press, 1984. Print.